5G PA Board Design for DTX and Envelope Tracking: The Charge Account Behind the Savings A 36% energy reduction from intelligent discontinuous transmission is a system-level number, and it is earned by switching the transmitter off. What that leaves behind…
RF Test Point DFM: Making a 1 mm Switch Connector Footprint Work to 15 GHz A switch connector is the least glamorous component on a high-frequency board and one of the few that the end user touches. It exists so…
W-Band Noise Figure Measurement: What the Board Puts in Front of the LNA A calibrated W-band noise source does not make a receiver quieter. What it does is make the receiver’s noise measurable, and in doing so it moves the…
57–70 GHz Connectivity Module PCB: Two Beams, Eight Channels and a Wideband Loss Budget A 57–70 GHz connectivity platform is a different board problem from a radar at the same frequency. It carries data, so what matters is absolute loss…
Digital Beamforming Satellite Array PCB: Direct Radiating Arrays at Constellation Scale A constellation awarding digital antenna subsystems for dozens of satellites is not buying a bigger version of a classic phased array. When every element of a direct radiating array…
77 GHz Radar SoC PCB Design: Four Transmitters, Four Receivers and the Tolerances They Expose Integrating four transmitters, four receivers, the chirp generator, the DSP and the microcontroller into one 22 nm FD-SOI package looks like a simplification. On the…
